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Adenanthera pavonina  L. has been used traditionally to relieve inflammation. This study aimed to expand the phytochemical knowledge of  A. pavonina  and evaluate its constituents for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the inhibition of TNF-α was assessed through ELISA and qRT-PCR techniques. Interestingly, five previously undescribed metabolites, including a pentadienoic acid derivative, a triterpenoid glycoside, and three tamarixetin glycosides, were identified alongside seven known compounds. Most compounds evaluated had higher DPPH radical scavenging capabilities than the standard, trolox. Tamarixetin 3- O -( α -ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→2)- β -ᴅ-galactopyranoside ( 11 ), a previously undescribed compound, was the most effective at suppressing TNF-α protein and m-RNA levels. Other flavonoid glycosides, quercetin 3- O -( α -ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)- β -ᴅ-xylopyranoside ( 4 ), isovitixin ( 5 ), and quercetin-3- O -[ α -ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[ α -ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]- β -ᴅ-galactopyranoside ( 9 ), also significantly lowered TNF-α production.

Phytoconstituents from Adenanthera pavonina L. as antioxidants and inhibitors of inducible TNF-α production in BV2 cells