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Four flavonoid glycosides containing coumaroyl or feruloyl groups were isolated from the male flowers of  Ginkgo biloba  L., and compounds  3  and  4  were identified as novel compounds. The inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase were investigated by docking studies,  in vitro  assays and kinetic studies. The docking results showed that all compounds mainly formed hydrogen-bond and π-π-stacking interactions with α-glucosidase. Compound  4  had the lowest binding energy and maximum number of hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, the  in vitro  assays showed that compound  4  exhibited the strongest inhibitory potency. Finally, the kinetic studies indicated the inhibitory mode of compounds  1 – 4  against α-glucosidase were mixed types of competitive and non-competitive. Together, these findings suggested that the isolated flavonoid glycosides in this study, especially compound  4 , have potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Coumaroyl and feruloyl flavonoid glycosides from the male flowers of Ginkgo biloba L. and their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase