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Twenty-one known specialised metabolites were isolated from the flowers of  Vernonanthura nudiflora  (Less.) H. Rob., the structures of the compounds were established based on 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopic experiments. Others 28 compounds were putatively identified using the dereplication technique by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Twenty-three of the compounds are being reported for the first time in this species. The mixture of sesquiterpene lactones piptocarphins A and B ( 17 + 18 ), and the flavone velutin ( 14 ) were tested against several microorganisms and showed promising activity against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  with MIC of 15.6 μg/mL and 31.2 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore,  17 + 18  showed greater cytotoxicity against VERO cells (IC 50  = 7.0 ± 1.73) compared to compound  14  (IC 50  85.0 ± 10.6 µg/mL). These findings reveal the feasibility of using the UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS-based dereplication strategy in complex fractions to identify specialised metabolites, moreover to  V. nudiflora  flowers being a source of compounds with antimycobacterial potential.

The chemistry of Vernonanthura nudiflora (Less.) H. Rob. flowers and its antimicrobial activities