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This study aims to evaluate the anti- Leishmania major  and the lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cytotoxicity of  Withania somnifera  root and fruit. The total extracts were obtained by homogenisation in aqueous MeOH, and the sub-extracts [ n -hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc),  n -butanol ( n -BuOH), and methanol (MeOH)] were obtained by flash chromatography. The activity evaluation showed that  n -BuOH sub-extracts from root and fruit exhibited noticeable antileishmanial promastigote properties. The  n -hexane and EtOAc sub-extracts from both organs, and the MeOH sub-extract from the fruit exerted mild to moderate effects on the promastigotes.  In-vitro  growth-inhibitory test results on axenic amastigote and cytotoxicity testing on macrophages (RAW264.7), the parasite-host at the amastigote stage, revealed that the activity was mainly concentrated in the root EtOAc and  n -BuOH sub-extracts and to a lesser extent the fruit MeOH and EtOAc, and the root  n -hexane sub-extracts. Only the roots' EtOAc and  n -BuOH sub-extracts demonstrated low cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line.

Antileishmanial and lung adenocarcinoma cell toxicity of Withania somnifera (Linn.) dunal root and fruit extracts