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Among abietane type semisynthetic diterpenoids, a series of quinopimaric and maleopimaric acid derivatives modified at the carboxyl and carbonyl groups, and in ring  E  were synthesised to obtain new compounds with antimicrobial potency against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  H 37 Rv and key ESKAPE pathogens. It was found that compound  8  exhibited low toxicity to human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293 (&gt; 32 μg/mL) and showed significant bacteriostatic activity against methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) (MIC ≤ 0.25 µg/mL) and excellent antifungal activity against  Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii  (MICs ≤0.25 µg/mL) being ≈4 and ≈30 fold more active than vancomycin and fluconazole. It also showed moderate activity against fungus  Candida albicans  (MIC ≤ 0.25 µg/mL). Compound  9  inhibited  M. tuberculosis  H 37 Rv with MIC of 1.25 µg/mL. The docking studies suggest possible interactions of the leading compounds with the molecular targets.

Synthetic modifications of abietane diterpene acids to potent antimicrobial agents