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Renoprotectors are highly demanded due to environmental nephrotoxic factors.  P. longifolia  leaves extract alleviating effect was assessed in nephritic-induced rats by whole body shot dose of γ-radiation. Many biomarkers were detected using several assays. Renohistopathological examinations were performed. Moreover, the extract phytoconstituents were identified using spectroscopic analysis.  In-vitro  anti-inflammatory activity of some compounds was examined using histamine release assay. Post-irradiation treatment with the extract significantly ameliorated all elevated biomarker levels. Creatinine and urea were adjusted, TGF-β/Smad signaling was suppressed causing down-regulation to microRNA-21. Nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and kidney injury molecule-1 were normalized in comparison with the γ-irradiated group. The renohistopathological analysis was consistent with the biochemical study. Phytochemical analysis resulted in the isolation of two diterpenoids ( γ -methoxybutenolide clerodane diterpene and 16( R/S )-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide-2-one), aporphine alkaloid (anonaine) and flavonol (kaempferol-3- O -rutinoside). The latter two showed moderate anti-histaminic activities. Our results indicated that  P. longifolia  reduced oxidative stress and nephropathy in rats due to its anti-inflammatory principles.

Phytoconstituents and renoprotective effect of Polyalthia longifolia leaves extract on radiation-induced nephritis in rats via TGF- β /smad pathway