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The effects of the lichenicolous fungus  Heterocephalacria bachmannii  on the antimicrobial potential of the lichen  Cladonia foliacea  demonstrated that the extracts investigated have antimicrobial potential against gram-positive and negative bacteria, and yeast, and inhibit the germination of fungal spores. Inhibition activity varied considerably depending on the extract, the bacterial species, and the absence or presence of  H. bachmannii ; unparasitised  C. foliacea  has a higher antimicrobial activity. Methanol and acetone extracts of  C. foliacea  alone have higher inhibition diameters than  C. foliacea  with  H. bachmannii  against  Enterobacter cloacae ; the methanol extract of  C. foliacea  showed the best inhibition (250 µg/ml).  C. foliacea  also has a high lysozyme potential against  Streptococcus agalactiae  and  Staphylococcus aureus . Fungal hyphae of  Alternaria alternata  were more affected by the methanol extract from  C. foliacea .

Does the lichenicolous fungus Heterocephalacria bachmannii affect the antimicrobial potential of its host Cladonia foliacea ?