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The study aimed to evaluate trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations and fatty acids of three Black Sea bivalve species -  Donax trunculus, Mytilus galloprovincialis  and  Chamelea gallina  as well as human health risk and benefit-risk ratio based on n-3 LC-PUFA vs. toxic/essential elements. The results showed variations in the element concentrations among the analysed species.  D. trunculus  generally contained higher levels of the essential elements Cu and Zn, while  C. gallina  – higher Cr and Fe. Toxic elements content did not exceed the international standards for mollusks.  D. trunculus  and  C. gallina  were better dietary sources of n-3 LC-PUFA, with approximately two-fold higher EPA + DHA content than  M. galloprovincialis . Health risks for most toxic and essential elements exposed from bivalve consumption were safe based on THQ, HI and TR indices. The benefit-risk ratio indicated that studied species are safe for human consumption, except one case.

natural product research

Trace elements and omega-3 fatty acids of black sea (Bulgaria) bivalve species  Mytilus galloprovincialis ,  Chamelea gallina  and  Donax trunculus . Human health risk