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Chemical investigation of the root of  Zanthoxylum paracanthum  afforded 1 new alkamide derivative, (2 E ,4 E )-6-oxo- N -isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide ( 1 ) together with 10 known congeners including one phenolic amide ( 2 ), four benzophenanthridines ( 3 − 6 ), three indolonaphthyridines ( 7 − 9 ) and two lignans ( 10  and  11 ). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic and spectrometric data. Using resazurin reduction assay, the crude extract (10 µg/mL) and isolates (10 µM) were screened for their cytotoxic activities against the drug-sensitive (CCRF-CEM) leukemia cell line and its multidrug-resistant counterpart (CEM/ADR5000). Compounds  3 ,  4  and  6  showed cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM with IC 50  values of 2.00 ± 0.33, 2.31 ± 0.20 and 0.11 ± 0.04 µM, respectively. Only compound  6  exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against CEM/ADR5000 with an IC 50  value of 2.34 ± 0.34 µM in comparison with the standard drug doxorubicin which showed IC 50  values of 0.01 ± 0.14 (CCRF-CEM) and 26.78 ± 3.30 µM (CEM/ADR5000).

Cytotoxic alkaloids from the root of Zanthoxylum paracanthum (mildbr) Kokwaro