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The ethanol extract of the roots of  Codonopsis pilosula  was subjected to chromatographic fractionation, which result in the isolation and characterization of two new aromatic derivatives 2,3-dihydroxypropyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate ( 1 ) and 2-oxopropyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate ( 2 ), along with three known compounds pilosulinene A ( 3 ), pollenfuran B ( 4 ) and (+)-pinoresinol ( 5 ). Their structures were demonstrated by HRESIMS and spectroscopic methods including NMR and IR. It is worth noting that compound  4  was isolated for the first time from the genus  Codonopsis . The potential hypoglycemic properties of compounds  2–5  were evaluated by measuring their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. As a result, compounds  2  and  3  showed weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50  values of 154.8 ± 11.0 μM and 24.0 ± 2.2 μM, respectively.

Two new aromatic derivatives from Codonopsis pilosula and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities