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Salvadora persica L.  ( Sp ) has been widely used as folk medicine. This study aimed to identify and assess the significant phenolics' antioxidant activities in young (S1) and old (S2) leaves of  Sp.  Six flavonoids; isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-neohesperidoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, apigenin-O-hexoside, isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin-3-neohesperidoside, were identified for the first time in  Sp  leaves using LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analysis. The flavonoid-rich fraction obtained after purification of S1 (S1TF7) has the highest TFC (358.88 ± 0.12 mg rutin equivalent/g) and TPC (180.82 ± 0.82 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and exhibits significant ( p  &lt; 0.05) free-radical scavenging activity in DPPH(IC 50%  = 14.64 ± 0.29 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC 50%  = 200.41 ± 1.85 µg/mL) assays which was similar to Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a positive control (IC 50%  =12.94 ± 0.10 µg/mL and IC 50%  = 190.47 ± 8.93 µg/mL, respectively). Also, S1TF7 inhibits Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ROS production in raw-cell-264.7 with no significant toxicity at 200 µg/mL ( p  &gt; 0.05). The study concludes that S1TF7 can serve as a mean to prevent oxidative diseases, and it merits further pharmacological investigations.

Bioactive phenolic components and antioxidant activities of water-based extracts and flavonoid-rich fractions from Salvadora persica L. leaves