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A novel C 43 -spiroterpenoid, reticulatin ( 1 ), was isolated from the lichen  Parmotrema reticulatum  (Taylor) M. Choisy (Parmeliaceae). Five previously-reported compounds were also isolated: zeorin ( 2 ), leucotylin ( 3 ), lupeol ( 4 ), betulinic acid ( 5 ), and dihydroreynosin ( 6 ). The structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS spectroscopy and comparison with the literature. We propose that reticulatin is a biosynthetic product of fusicoccadiene and vinapraesorediosic acid A  via  Diels-Alder addition. Reticulatin is the first C 43 -spiroterpenoid identified from lichen metabolites. All compounds were evaluated for inhibition of  α- glucosidase. Compound  1  showed the most potent inhibition, with an IC 50  value of 3.90 μM, much lower than that of the acarbose positive control (IC 50  165 µM).

Reticulatin, a novel C 43 -spiroterpenoid from the lichen Parmotrema reticulatum growing in Vietnam