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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide public health threat because of the emergence of resistant strains and subsequent inappropriate response to current therapy. We have been studying the  restinga  plants’ antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory potential. Dichloromethane fraction (DCM) from  Vitex polygama  Cham. showed high activity against  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  (Mtb) H37Rv. In this context, DCM fraction and isolated compounds were investigated against Mtb H37Rv and M299 (MDR strain) and for their immunomodulatory and cytotoxicity actions. Orientin showed the best antimycobacterial effect against Mtb M299 MDR strain (MIC 50  15.4 ± 1.6 µg/mL), capacity of inhibiting NO production by macrophages (IC 50  6.5 ± 1.2 µg/mL) and no significant cytotoxicity. The antimycobacterial effect of orientin was also observed on Mtb H37Rv intracellular growth in RAW 264.7 macrophages (MIC 50  3.5 ± 1.1 and MIC 90  9.1 ± 1.0 µg/mL). This is the first report describing the antimycobacterial effect of orientin, in both extra- and intracellular growth.

Natural products from Vitex polygama and their antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activity