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This study applied a novel  in situ  spectral modulation interferometry (SMI) technique to quantitatively measure the spatiotemporal corrosion kinetics on the surface of low carbon steel. The 3D topography map showed an early formation of localised shallow pits on the surface subjected to a chloride-free solution. In contrast, the steel samples in chloride-enriched solution revealed early-age microcracks or intergranular defective sites. The quantitative analysis of the height profile data (acquired from SMI) verified the heterogeneity of the corrosion process of these samples susceptible to pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion behaviour. The estimated volume loss followed a similar trend to the 3D surface topography data. Still, a distinct behaviour in the volume loss was observed when compared to the void volume obtained from the electrochemical data.

In situ quantitative topographic measurement and corrosion behaviour of low carbon steel in chloride solutions