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Late Miocene tragoportacins are widespread in Eurasia and Africa and are important members of the  Hipparion  fauna. The phylogenetic relationships within the tragoportacins are debatable due to the large number of species, fragmentary materials, and large intraspecific variations. The Chinese tragoportacins are rare and poorly studied in previous work. Recently, a dozen well-preserved skulls were excavated from northern China, providing important information for the classification and phylogenetic analysis of the Chinese tragoportacins. In this study, we assign the new material from Linxia Basin and Fugu County to  Miotragocerus gregarius , providing detailed descriptions of both males and females. We discuss sexual dimorphism and compare the horn core, dentition and cranium characters in  Miotragocerus ,  Tragoportax  and related species. We also perform cladistic analyses, including Eurasian and African tragoportacins,  Tetracerus  and  Eotragus . The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the two Chinese late Miocene tragoportacins belong to  Miotragocerus  and  Tragoportax , which immigrated from the west to China in different periods.

New material of Miotragocerus (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) from northern China and its systematic implications