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Mediterranean diet might be a promising approach to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus. However, the results remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of Mediterranean diet on gestational diabetes mellitus. PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of Mediterranean diet on gestational diabetes mellitus were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect model. Four RCTs involving 2277 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control intervention for pregnant women, Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.82;  p  = .0003) and gestational weight gain (SMD = −0.15; 95% CI = −0.26 to −0.05;  p  = .004), but had no obvious effect on preeclampsia (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.52–2.11;  p  = .91), preterm delivery (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.20–1.55;  p  = .26) or neonatal unit (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.43–1.19;  p  = .19). Mediterranean diet may be effective to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus.

Effect of Mediterranean diet for pregnant women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials