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Mothers with a short cervix have been shown to have increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD) and newborn morbidity. Those who require an ultrasound-indicated cerclage experience the highest rates of morbidity. Inflammation has been linked to a short cervix, and it has been linked to pregnancies affected by small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. To date, there are no studies that have investigated an association between a short cervix, with or without an ultrasound-indicated cerclage, and a SGA newborn. This was a case-control study examining all pregnancies with a transvaginal cervical length &lt;25 mm found at their second trimester anatomy scan. Cases were subdivided into those who received an ultrasound-indicated cerclage (Group 1,  n  = 52) and those who did not (Group 2,  n  = 139). Controls were defined as pregnancies with a transvaginal cervical length &gt;25 mm with no cerclage (Group 3,  n  = 186) whose due date was within 2 months of the case pregnancy. Each short cervix case was matched with a control from group 3 in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was birthweight &lt;10% (SGA). Unadjusted data was analyzed with simple odds ratios. A logistic regression was used to control for confounding variables and provide an adjusted odds ratios (aOR). The incidence of SGA among cases overall (group 1 + group 2) was 13.6% (26/191). In group 3, the SGA incidence was 4.3% (8/186). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for a SGA infant was significant, 2.8 (95% CI 1.2, 6.6). Subgroup analysis showed that Group 1 had an increased risk for an SGA infant [aOR 4.9 (95% CI 1.8, 13.7)], but Group 2 did not show a significant finding [aOR 2.3 (95% CI 0.9, 5.7)]. Pregnancies complicated by a short cervical length &lt;25mm, with or without a cerclage, were associated with an increased risk for a SGA newborn. Most of this significance was due to the pregnancies which received an ultrasound-indicated cerclage for a mid-trimester short cervix.

Do patients with a short cervix, with or without an ultrasound-indicated cerclage, have an increased risk for a small for gestational age newborn?