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To investigate the influence of polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ), and glutathione S-transferase Pi isoform ( GSTP1 ) genes on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) risk, we performed a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant meta-analysis. An exhaustive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI for genetic studies evaluating the relationship between  VEGF  (−460 T/C, +936 C/T, −634 G/C, and −2578 C/A),  TNF-α  (−308 G/A) and  GSTP1  (Ile/Val) polymorphisms and ROP risk from inception until November 2019. Odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for estimating combined effect size. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses revealed that  VEGF  − 460 T/C was associated with ROP risk in the allele model (C vs. T, OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.94, P OR =0.004), homozygous gene model (CC vs. TT, OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54–0.91, P OR =0.008), dominant gene model (CC + TC vs. TT, OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.95, P OR  = 0.012), and recessive gene model (CC vs. TC + TT, OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94, P OR  = 0.014). However, we did not find significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution of  VEGF  + 936 C/T, −634 G/C, −2578 C/A,  TNF-α  − 308 G/A and  GSTP1  Ile/Val polymorphisms, between ROP and control group ( p  &gt; .05). VEGF  polymorphism −460 T/C was associated with a lower ROP risk. Further research is warranted to investigate haplotype effects of  VEGF  polymorphisms on the risk of ROP.

Influence of polymorphisms in VEGF , TNF-α , and GSTP1 genes on retinopathy of prematurity risk: a Meta-analysis