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Latin America comprises a large set of culturally diverse middle-income countries sharing an inequality gap and a rapidly aging population. A better informed growing middle class adds to the pressure on fragmented health systems that strive to attain universal coverage. Cost containment becomes crucial for sustainability. Using ‘high cost’ as free term, together with individual country names, a search was performed in Pubmed and Scopus databases for relevant documents centered on pharmaceutical products. References of selected articles were also reviewed. In the region as elsewhere improving health information systems has been the starting point. Official health technology assessment agencies have been established in several countries, supporting decisions on best available evidence. A few centralized procurement and price regulation schemes using international reference pricing have been successful. Fast-track approval of generics and biosimilars, or establishing a separate funding source for high cost technologies are other options that, with varying degrees of success, have been. Since Latin America is characterized by its social, geographical and political diversity, each health system needs to recognize its individual priorities, learn from successful experiences elsewhere, and adapt possible alternative interventions to the different local contexts.

High cost drugs in Latin America: access and barriers