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Lipidomics focuses on the in-depth analysis of lipids, which are crucial macromolecules involved in a wide range of metabolic pathways. The increased intracellular accumulation of different classes of lipids in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and prostate cancer (PCa) cells may be caused by elevated absorption or by increased de novo lipogenesis as a consequence of lipid metabolism reprogramming. The involvement of cholesterol metabolism in cancer’s aberrant pathways has also been demonstrated. This review provides an update on the most important lipidomics studies and applications in RCC and PCa, with a particular focus on how knowledge of aberrant lipid pathways may be used to identify biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. In addition, the application of this methodologies have led to novel cancer subtypes identification and patient’s risk stratification. Tracking tumor progression using specific biofluid metabolite profiles offers a huge translational opportunity for urological malignancies. Lipidomics is a promising branch of ‘omics’ approach and should include in next decade new standardized analysis methods and randomized clinical trials in order to reach the aim to use this high-throughput technique in patient-tailored therapy perspective.

The dark side of lipid metabolism in prostate and renal carcinoma: novel insights into molecular diagnostic and biomarker discovery