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The watch-and-wait (W&amp;W) strategy and local excision (LE) have been used in patients with clinical complete response (cCR) for rectal cancer, but the comparative outcomes of the two strategies are controversial. We compared the efficacy of the W&amp;W strategy with LE for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) or total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). Several domestic and foreign databases were searched for the relevant literature on comparative trials of the W&amp;W strategy and LE surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy with the following outcomes; differences in local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM/DM+LR), 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS). Nine articles, were analyzed. Overall, 442 patients were included, with 267 and 175 patients in the W&amp;W and LE groups, respectively. Meta-analysis results showed no significant differences the between W&amp;W and LE groups with respect to LR, DM/DM+LR, 3-year DFS, 3-year LRFS, and 3-year OS. This study has been registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022331208). The W&amp;W strategy may be preferred for some rectal cancer patients who select LE and reach cCR or near cCR after nCRT or TNT.

Outcomes after the watch-and-wait strategy and local excision treatment for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis