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We evaluate the efficacy and safety of Elotuzumab, an immunostimulatory monoclonal antibody, in combination with concomitant treatment regimens for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched systematically up to 2 August 2022. Five randomized control trials with a total of 1,763 participants were included. Elotuzumab combination therapy improved PFS and OS by 14% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86) and 20% (HR 0.80), respectively, relative to the non-Elotuzumab regimen. Adding Elotuzumab to Lenalidomide plus Dexamethasone regimen (HR 0.82) or Pomalidomide plus Dexamethasone regimen (HR 0.54) were considered to improve the PFS. Meanwhile, the risk of disease progression was only reduced for patients with relapsed/refractory MM (HR 0.70) but not for newly diagnosed/untreated MM (HR 0.93). Finally, the risk of serious adverse events (RR 1.12) and the risk of infection (RR 1.09) and cardiac disorders (RR 1.32) were higher for the experimental group compared to the control group. Our findings showed that Elotuzumab combination therapy prolonged OS and PFS compared to non-Elotuzumab treatments in patients with MM. However, further investigations are required to establish the most effective combination of the Elotuzumab regimen.

Safety and efficacy of Elotuzumab combination therapy for patients with multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis