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During the last decades, biologics have revolutionized the treatment of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Even though the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) armamentarium is rapidly expanding with novel biologics, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies remain the first-line biologic therapy in most areas of the world. However, anti-TNF therapy is not effective in all patients (primary non-response) and patients can lose effect over time (secondary loss of response). This review provides an overview of the current induction and maintenance dosing regimens of the available anti-TNF antibodies and associated challenges in adult patients with IBD. We outline different strategies to overcome these difficulties, including combination therapy, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and dose escalation. Finally, we discuss expected future progress in anti-TNF management. Anti-TNF agents will remain a cornerstone of IBD treatment in the coming decade. Progress will be made in biomarkers for the prediction of response and individualized dosing regimens. The advent of subcutaneous infliximab challenges the need for concomitant immunosuppression.

Efficacious dosing regimens for anti-TNF therapies in inflammatory bowel disease: where do we stand?