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To investigate patients who flared after discontinuation of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents (bDMARDs) and identify risk factors associated with flare. A multicenter study evaluating systemic and non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA and non-sJIA) patients whose bDMARDs were ceased after remission. A total of 101 patients whose bDMARDs were ceased after remission was evaluated. Children with sJIA had the lowest risk of flare and 11.1% of 36 sJIA patients experienced flare after a median of 9 (4–24) months of bDMARDs cessation with three of them flaring in the first year. High leukocyte counts in sJIA patients were associated with inactive disease at 1-year after the start of treatment (p = 0.004). In the non-sJIA group, 46.1% patients experienced flare after a median of 7 (1–32) months of biologic cessation, and of these, 25 flared in the first year. Antinuclear antibody positivity (p = 0.02), earlier disease onset (p = 0.03), long disease duration (p = 0.01), and follow-up (p = 0.02) and extended time from diagnosis to first biological onset (p = 0.03) were more common among patients with flare. When considering discontinuation of bDMARDs, it should be kept in mind that the risk of exacerbation requiring re-initiation therapy is quite significant within the first year after discontinuation of therapy.

Withdrawal of biologic therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis due to remission: predictors of flare and outcomes