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Programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors mobilize and activate the anti-tumor activity of the immune system by blocking the inhibitory effects of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in T cells. Several anti-PD-1 or -PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies have been approved for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. However, most of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are administered via intravenous infusion, which is inconvenient and leads to unsatisfactory patient compliance in the treatment process. Therefore, subcutaneous envafolimab is a potential treatment modality for advanced solid tumors. A phase I clinical trial showed that the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of envafolimab were similar to those of other traditional antibodies. Additionally, clinical findings from a phase II trial revealed that envafolimab monotherapy exhibited satisfactory clinical therapeutic effects and no significant adverse events in patients with microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch Repair (MSI-H/dMMR) solid tumors who failed at least one line of prior systemic therapy. Subcutaneous envafolimab may serve as a more convenient and acceptable treatment modality than those approved PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for patients with an advanced solid tumor, which may revolutionize the modes of immunotherapy in the future.

expert opinion on biological therapy

Envafolimab – first PD-1/PD-L1 antibody to be administered by subcutaneous injection for microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair advanced solid tumors