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Kenya and Nigeria have experienced insecurity caused by violent and hateful extremism (VHE) over the past decade following the expansion of Boko Haram and Al-Shabaab and relevant affiliations. In Mozambique, VHE-related incidents started in October 2017. Nigeria and Kenya have National PVE Action Plans to address these issues strategically. However, the absence of a National PVE Action Plan in Mozambique has hampered the country’s approach to alleviating the threat. Additionally, the lack of consensus on the drivers for the evident escalation in voluntary recruitment into groups such as  Al-Sunna wa Jama’a  has disrupted existing preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) activities implemented by local and international actors. According to the NGOs working across Nigeria, Kenya, and Mozambique, this article explores the drivers of violent and hateful extremism and appropriate measures to address these. The findings presented in this article highlight the critical role that NGOs play in preventing violent and hateful extremism and could shed some light on certain good practices from the Nigerian and Kenyan case studies, having dealt with the threat of VHE for a longer period of time.

The Role of NGOs in preventing violent extremism: what Mozambique can learn from Kenya and Nigeria