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This article fuses theoretical concepts taken from philosophic, economic, social and cultural discourses in the process of outlining developments in Association Football, in East Lancashire, in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It continues the challenge to conventional histories that surround mass games and public schools, extending the revisionist critique with an imaginative use of new and original empirical evidence. It outlines the continuing presence of a working-class footballing culture, arguing that the structure of football was a product of industrialisation, urbanisation and population growth. Consequently, a far-reaching restructuring of the class system facilitated the rise of a newly formed lower middle class who used their social and cultural capital to form and administer football clubs’ in East Lancashire. These teams eventually broke the dominance of southern-based amateur clubs in the F.A. Cup. These new hierarchies and class system ultimately gave birth to professional football by the late 1870s.

Velvet caps and tassles: East Lancashire, class and the FA cup