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Although, in Brazil, football is considered a national passion, women are rarely present in these narratives. In fan culture, in particular, from the 1990s, as the social problem of violence related to football grew, there was a weakening in the visibility and participation of female spectators. However, in recent years, women began a collective organization to guarantee visibility in fan culture, claiming for the right to equal participation in the stadia. Considering this specific scenario, we describe and analyse the way Brazilian women fans integrate into and relate to fan culture, as well as how their gender performances lead to tensions with traditional supporter identifications. To do so, we conducted interviews with 37 Brazilian female supporters. We argue that Brazilian female fans built a feminist solidarity among supporters of different clubs, promoting negotiations and critical thinking about fan culture, which implies performances that challenge and depart from traditional supporter identities.

Tensions between fan culture and the feminist identities of female football fans in Brazil