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As one of the important woody oleaginous plants in China,  Paeonia ostii  ‘Feng Dan’ has been attracted increasing attention. The development of its seeds is a complex process regulated by a series of factors, especially the epigenetic regulation. Analysing the methylation levels and patterns of  P. ostii  ‘Feng Dan’ seeds was conducted to better understand the epigenetic regulation during seed development. In this study, we determined the correlation between DNA methylation and seed development of  P. ostii  ‘Feng Dan’, cloned and sequenced methylated sites detected by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphisms. Total methylated rate maintained above 42.89% during the whole development process, and mainly occurred in full-methylation. Demethylation was dominant in the methylation pattern of seeds development, and mainly concentrated at CG loci. Differentially methylated fragments were also isolated, and a homology analysis of these fragments revealed that the functions of their homologous sequences were mainly related to metabolism, transcription, signal transduction, gene expression, and development. Thus, seeds development of  P. ostii  ‘Feng Dan’ might be regulated by DNA methylation. This is the first report on DNA methylation analyses during seed development in tree peony, which might provide a valuable foundation for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying seed development.

Analysis of DNA methylation during seed development of Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’ using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP)