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Interspecific hybridisation can fuse different genomes into a hybrid that could derive possible a novel germplasm for vegetable improvement. Tuber mustard ( Brassica juncea  Coss. var.  crassicaulis  Chen et Yang, AABB) and kohlrabi ( Brassica oleracea  L. var.  caulorapa , CC) belong to different species of stem vegetables in  Brassica . In present study, interspecific hybridisation between tuber mustard and purple kohlrabi was conducted successfully. Through ovary culture, four putative interspecific hybrids were obtained and three of them were identified as true hybrids by morphology, cytology and molecular analysis with the hybrid acquisition frequency of 0.68%. After chromosome doubling, one hybrid doubled completely as allohexaploidy (AABBCC) with 54 chromosomes, seven hybrids (ABC) with 27 ones non-doubled, and four hybrids doubled partially as the chimeras with above two types of chromosome. The allotriploids exhibited low fertility with vigour pollen rate of 7.54% and low seed-setting rates of 0.06, however, their allohexaploids exhibited high fertility with vigour pollen rate of 51.74% and high seed-setting rate of 5.88. This allohexaploid hybrid showed unique phenotypes with the normal bigger anther, better developed pods, larger expanding stem than the allotriploid ones. The above two types of hybrids will act as new germplasm of  Brassica  stem vegetables in breeding programme.

A novel stem vegetable germplasm of interspecific hybrids between Brassica juncea and Brassica oleracea