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The lack of cumulative knowledge challenges scientific relevance and the capacity for problem solving. Despite the multiplication of instrument typologies, a shared comparative understanding of what instruments are, how they function and what effect they produce is still lacking. This article assesses the extent to which major policy instrument theories are fit for comparative analysis. It identifies five main methodological and theoretical trade-offs that should be considered when elaborating on the research design of comparative policy research: parsimony, reliability, analytical purpose, comparative perspective and performance assessment.

Using Instrument Typologies in Comparative Research: Conceptual and Methodological Trade-Offs