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To compare relative costs associated with the diagnostic pathways for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the US and China according to the initial imaging modality used. Gadoxetate disodium (ethoxylbenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) was compared to contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), extracellular contrast media enhanced-MRI (ECCM-MRI) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Decision tree models were developed to simulate the clinical pathway, based on local clinical guidelines, and validated by experts. Input data were derived from the literature (up to 31 December 2020) as well as from interviews with local experts. The models showed that compared to alternative initial imaging modalities, EOB-MRI was associated with higher diagnostic accuracy (fewer false-positive and fewer false-negative results). Increasing proportionate use of EOB-MRI resulted in a cost offset per patient (excluding false-negative patients) in both the US (USD 337) and China (CNY 1,443), driven by reductions in scan costs and unnecessary treatment costs. The use of EOB-MRI was also associated with a shorter average waiting time for a final diagnosis and treatment decision for patients compared to MDCT, ECCM-MRI, and CEUS. The findings of these models demonstrate that EOB-MRI is the most accurate and rapid imaging modality for the diagnosis of HCC in the US and China, resulting in cost offsets that may benefit the healthcare system.

Evaluation of the health economic impact of initial diagnostic modality selection in patients suspected of having HCC in China and the USA