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Many studies have shown that Candida biofilms are highly resistant to fluconazole. The mechanisms of acquired fluconazole resistance of Candida glabrata in non-biofilms have been elucidated, but the relevance of them relative to C. glabrata in biofilms are unknown. We examined by real-time PCR the expression of CgCDR1, CgCDR2, and CgERG11 of four bloodstream isolates of C. glabrata during the early (6 h), intermediate (15 h), and mature (48 h) phases of biofilm development. We found high levels of biofilm formation in vitro. At 6 and 15 h, the biofilms exhibited, in comparison to planktonic cells, approximately 1.5- and 3.3-fold upregulation of CgCDR1 and 0.5- and 3.1-fold upregulation of CgCDR2, respectively. However, at 48 h, neither gene was upregulated. In comparison, the expression of CgERG11 did not significantly increase during any of the three phases. Our results indicate a temporary increase in the expression of both CgCDR1 and CgCDR2 during the intermediate phase of C. glabrata biofilm development. In addition, the data collected at 48 h suggest that CgCDR1, CgCDR2, and CgERG11 may not play a role in the azole resistance of C. glabrata in mature biofilms.

Expression ofCgCDR1,CgCDR2, andCgERG11inCandida glabratabiofilms formed by bloodstream isolates