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Recent events in the Middle East and North Africa entailed a proliferation of policy tools for EU external migration governance. After the signature of Mobility Partnerships, the EU launched Migration Compacts, whose inner logic is to ‘avoid the risk that concrete delivery is held up by technical negotiations for a fully-fledged formal agreement’. This paper examines the development of the EU’s external migration governance and frames it into a formalization/informalization dichotomy. We argue that the EU-led securitisation of migration has contributed to the increasing informalization of EU-third countries agreements. The case of Jordan is relevant in understanding the EU’s approach, as a strategy to muddle through in a region in turmoil.

From Mobility Partnerships to Migration Compacts: security implications of EU-Jordan relations and the informalization of migration governance