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Recent studies showed that while code-compliant structures can generally protect the safety of the occupants, they may exhibit extensive damages during strong earthquake events. On the other hand, structures are generally designed to satisfy the seismic code requirements with the least initial cost regardless of their life cycle cost. In recent years, value-based design has been considered as an effective alternative for code-based design procedures. In this method, as well as the initial cost of the structure, a comprehensive consequence modeling is performed in the design process. In this paper, for the first time, a value-based design optimization method is developed for seismic enhancement of existing RBS steel frames using nonlinear viscous dampers. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated through 4-, 8-, and 12-story frames designed for low, medium, and high earthquake intensity levels, while the life cycle costs are evaluated using FEMA P-58. A time-based approach is carried out to consider different earthquake events and their corresponding probability of occurrence in a specific range of intensities. For dynamic analysis of the structures, the Endurance Time (ET) method is adopted to significantly reduce the computational costs while providing accurate results. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is then used to optimize the damping coefficient of the viscous dampers for minimum life cycle cost. The results, in general, indicate the efficiency of the proposed method in increasing the total economic value of the studied structures with the least additional cost. It is shown that shorter structures and those designed in high-seismic risk regions benefit more from using optimized viscous dampers, leading to up to 42% lower life cycle costs. The results of this study should prove useful in more efficient strengthening design of existing steel frames.

Value-Based Seismic Performance Optimization of Steel Frames Equipped with Viscous Dampers