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For flexible structures, this study proposes multiple conditional mean spectrum (MCMS) to account for the scattered structural modes and the piecewise conditional mean spectrum (PCMS) for the higher mode effect. A flexible cable-stayed bridge is used for a case study. Several scenario earthquakes are identified responsible for the maximum responses of the bridge. The envelope of structural responses under different scenario earthquakes would be used as the design seismic effect. Adopting uniform hazard spectrum to selection ground motions would for most cases amplify the structural seismic responses, especially for tower bending moment and shear force.

Selecting Ground Motions for Flexible Structures Based on Multiple Conditional Mean Spectra: A Case Study on Cable-Stayed Bridges