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This study investigates the soil–structure interaction (SSI) behavior of low- to medium-rise steel moment-resisting frames (SMRF) resting on loose Ganga sand through a series of resonant vibration tests. Three-dimensional models of a three-story and a six-story structure are used for this purpose. Horizontal harmonic excitations, tuned to the first two natural frequencies of the structures, are applied using a modal mass shaker. Afterwards, a numerical model is developed where the SSI is modeled using discrete Winkler-type springs, and the experimental results are compared with the analytical ones. The study indicates that the floor acceleration and column moment decrease significantly (as much as 50% and 74%, respectively) when the structure is placed on the soil bed compared to the fixed base condition. The estimated energy dissipation is up to 23% through foundation rocking vibration. Furthermore, the deformation and moment distribution profiles are observed to be very sensitive to the exciting frequency, indicating the importance of frequency characteristics of input motions while characterizing the dynamic behavior of multi-story SMRFs.

Soil–Structure Interaction Study on 3D SMRFs of Indo-Gangetic Plain Using Resonant Vibration Tests