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Brain lateralization is generally considered adaptive for an individual and it can be ascertained, for example, by measuring the preferential use of limbs. Avian models have been extensively used to investigate the evolution and the advantages of brain lateralization. Birds of prey are a good model to study motor laterality, however to date they have been studied almost exclusively in the context of predatory behaviour. In this study, we tested lateralization in Gyrfalcon ( Falco rusticolus ) across multiple contexts, and collected the following measures:(1) standing leg preference when sleeping, (2) wing preference to position the head while sleeping and (3) leg preference to grasp food. At the population level, we found left-leg lateralization while sleeping and no preference for placing the head under the left or the right wing. In the context of the predatory behaviour, we found a trend towards using the left leg to grasp food. Across the behaviours observed, we did not find evidence of lateralization at an individual level, as most of the subjects were ambidextrous. This study highlights the importance of the behavioural context when investigating side-bias and hemispheric laterality.

Laterality preferences at rest and predatory behaviour of the Gyrfalcon ( Falco rusticolus ): An alpha predator of the sky