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This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the effect of empty-nest on mental health and behaviors of the older population and explore the urban-rural differences. Data from the Cohort of Older People Health and Environment Controllable Factors were used, including 1071 older people aged 60 or over from a rural and an urban. Mental health, daily life behaviors, chronic physical diseases, and activities of daily living were evaluated. Logistic regression was used. The prevalence of empty-nest in older people was 55.0% in urban and 58.7% in rural. The empty-nest older people in urban were more likely to participate in physical exercise ( OR [95% CI ]: 1.55[1.03–2.31]), while the empty-nest older people in rural had lower rate of smoking ( OR [95% CI] : 0.46[0.28–0.76]) and religious belief ( OR [95% CI ]: 1.61[1.01–2.58]), and higher prevalence of depression ( OR [95% CI ]: 1.55[1.03–2.35]) and higher level of total cholesterol ( OR [95% CI ]: 1.51[1.03–2.19]) compared with the non-empty-nest older people. In conclusion, the prevalence of empty-nest in older people was high both in rural and urban in China. Empty-nest exerts greater influences on the older people in rural than in urban, which should be given more attention, especially the depression and high total cholesterol.

Urban-rural differences in the effect of empty-nest on mental health and behaviors of Chinese older population