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In November, 1942, during the Anglo-Russian occupation of Iran in World War II, the British discovered the secret home of Franz Mayer, the undercover German political intelligence agent and spy for whom they had long been looking. Mayer had left behind a cache of documents providing, among other matters, the identities of a number of high-ranking Iranians in the military, police and public officer working with him on a plan for an uprising against the occupation to coincide with the arrival of German troops in the Caucasus and at Iran’s door. This article examines the nature of the German plot, the activities of German agents and their Iranian collaborators in Iran during the war, the debate among British officials as to how to deal with the Officers Plot, and the eventual dismantling of the German fifth column. The article also examines the shift taking place in great-power influence in Iran and the differences between Britain and the United States over addressing the German conspiracy.

The ‘Officers Plot’: the German fifth column during the Anglo-Soviet occupation of Iran in the Second World War