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We examine whether disagreements about the Arab Spring uprisings, in five countries that experienced protests, have transitioned into the non-political sphere. To test this spillover effect, we ask two questions: (a) does interacting with fellow nationals who have opposing attitudes towards the Arab Spring generate less pro-social behaviour compared to situations where such disagreements are absent, and (b) whether the degree of affective polarization – if it exists – depends on the severity of the uprising’s outcome. We explore these questions by running two lab-in-the-field experiments – measuring fairness and interpersonal trust – with 1274 subjects from five Arab countries: Syrian refugees, Sudanese refugees, Jordanians, Tunisians and Egyptians. We find significant results on both fairness and trust among the Syrian sample – who experienced the most violent version of the events – and partly among Sudanese refugees. Our findings indicate that the intensity of political polarization (particularly turning it into a violent conflict and generating refugees) is critical in producing the hypothesized spillover effect of affective polarization.

Did the Arab Spring generate affective polarization? Experimental evidence from five Arab countries