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The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) is the largest mountain range in Mexico, spanning nearly 1,400 km from northwest to southeast. It is a region of high ecological complexity, yet, few attempts at ecoregionalization are available. Using Maxent and five high-resolution (30 m) physiographic layers, we generated niche models for 33 species of small, non-flying mammals. We generated a proposal of regions based on the proportion of overlap of all possible pairs of species niches (ordinated using PCoA) and environmental data. We compared the resulting ecoregionalization with the most detailed regionalizations of the SMO available, based on floristic, vegetational, and bird distribution data. PCoA revealed two major axes of variation related to elevation and humidity, and therefore to vegetational composition. Our regionalization is consistent with previous regionalizations in recognizing a tropical and a xerophilous region, but not a transitional Madrean Tropical. We identified the highlands as a north-south continuum, and a transitional region was identified between the xerophilous and highland areas. Differences in ecoregional patterns in taxa as different as mammals and plants, are evidence that the SMO’s complexity goes beyond the more traditional Nearctic-Neotropical subdivision.

An ecoregionalization of the Sierra Madre Occidental, México, based on non-volant, small mammal distributions