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The non-Western world has adopted a nuanced position towards the Ukraine war because it does not see its interest in sanctioning Russia. In part, this reflects Russia’s global economic, military and political importance, but Russia’s justifications for its actions resonate in the non-Western world. This is because the Western world – led by the US – has, since the end of the Cold War, launched wars of aggression, violated international law, and committed many of the sins of which it accuses Russia. Western states are trying to present the Ukraine war as a decisive moment for the “rules-based international order”. Such claims and their obvious hypocrisy undermine Western-and Canadian-credibility. The decision by Canada and its allies to ignore the ways in which Western violence has shaped the post-Cold War world system risks profoundly misinterpreting the actions of states whom they have constructed as opponents and rivals. American unilateralism has created a desire in the larger world for a multipolar world order that can balance American power. The true significance of the Russia-Ukraine war and the non-Western world’s response may be that it indicates the emergence of that multipolar world.

The problem of a “rules-based international order”: the significance of the non-Western world’s restrained response to the Russia-Ukraine war