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Drought stress (DS) is one of the severe abiotic stresses that cause reductions in agricultural production. This study was conducted to examine the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (M: consortium) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (R: Z2 and Z4 strains, B: CHIN14, AAP22, AAP2, and CHIN15 strains), individually or in combination, as an appropriate strategy to improve durum wheat productivity under two water regimes: well-watered (75% FC) and DS (25% FC). DS exhibition reduced biomass, stomatal conductance, stem water potential, and increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. Under DS, AMF or B promoted plant growth, such as shoot height by 49 and 17%, respectively; by activating the photosynthetic mechanism and increasing the synthesis of proline content by 369% in plants treated with AMF, and antioxidant enzyme activities, such as polyphenoloxydase (PPO), in leaves by 36% in plant inoculated with B. After the experiment, total organic matter and carbon of the soil were improved by single application of B by 99 and 317%, respectively. This finding implies that the combination of mycorrhiza and PGPR regulates the physiological and biochemical processes utilized by wheat to cope with drought and improves the comprehension of the soil-plant relationship.

plant biosystems - an international journal dealing with all aspects of plant biology

Co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can mitigate the effects of drought in wheat plants ( Triticum durum )