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The present study aimed to determine the  in vitro  antibacterial activity and the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from two medicinal plants (seeds of  Carum copticum  L. and leaves of  Ziziphora clinopodioides  Lam) against the bacterial plant pathogen  Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae . The sensitivity of  P. syringae  to the two types of EOs was investigated through three methods including disc diffusion, well diffusion, and vapor phase tests. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography attached to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) were used to identify and quantify the essential oil compounds. The greatest growth inhibition zones for disc diffusion, well diffusion, and vapor tests were observed for the highest essential oil volume (50 µL) of  Z. clinopodioides  as 0.925 cm, 1.75 cm, and 1.45 cm, respectively. Concerning the EOs from  C. copticum  seeds, the diameters of growth inhibition zones were 0.775 cm, 1 cm, and 0 cm, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the highest antibacterial activity, with a growth inhibition zone of 1.75 cm, belonged to 50 µL EOs of  Z. clinopodioides  on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar medium. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the EOs of  Z. clinopodioides  were 8 µL mL −1  and 1 µL mL −1  in LB agar medium. The MBC and MIC values for EOs of  C. copticum  were 16 µL mL −1  and 1 µL mL −1 , in LB agar medium, respectively. According to the chromatography results, 16 different compounds were identified in the EOs of  C. copticum,  of which thymol (54.6%) was the major constituent. Moreover, 27 different compounds were identified in the  Z. clinopodioides  EOs, of which pulegone (23%) and 1,8 cineole (20.3%) were the main essential oil constituents. The results demonstrated that the EOs of  Z. clinopodioides  plants had higher chemical diversity and displayed stronger antibacterial activities against  P. syringe pv. syringae,  compared to those of  C. copticum .

plant biosystems - an international journal dealing with all aspects of plant biology

In vitro  antibacterial activity of essential oils from  Carum copticum  and  Ziziphora clinopodioides  plants against the phytopathogen  Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae