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Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ) is an orphan crop that has prominent nutritional traits such as high calcium. Biotechnological interventions in this crop suffer from constraints like genotypic dependency leading to inefficient regeneration and transformation systems. Biofortification requires improvements in the available plant tissue culture methods with major emphasis on underutilized crops like finger millet. Keeping this in view, the impact of inherent composition of phytonutrients (calcium, carbohydrates, proteins), phytochemicals (phenolics and flavonoids), and phytohormones (Abscisic Acid, ABA and Gibberellic Acid, GA 3 ) on tissue culture responsiveness of four finger millet genotypes was studied. The study elucidated that the nutritional and phytochemical/hormone composition of seed/mature embryos as explants influence callus induction and regeneration on use of different phytohormones. There was significant (p &lt; 0.05) callus induction at 1.5 mg/L 2, 4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) and 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) in all four genotypes. The high calcium variety GP-45 showed enhanced callusing and regeneration in comparison to other genotypes. Callus Induction Frequency and Shoot Regeneration Frequency exhibited significant positive correlation with calcium content and significant negative correlation with protein and flavonoid content for all the genotypes. The results demonstrate the importance of genotype selection based on inherent phytonutrient and phytohormone composition on tissue culture for crop improvement.

plant biosystems - an international journal dealing with all aspects of plant biology

Endogenous phytonutrient, phytochemical, and phytohormone levels modulate  in-vitro  callus induction and plant regeneration in finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ) genotypes