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In this study, bare zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) have been modified using polyethylene glycol (PEG) of various molecular weight in a facile technique. The synthesized nZVI modified with PEG, M.W. of 600 and 6000 was denoted by nZVI-PEG 600  and nZVI-PEG 6000 , respectively, and compared their catalytic activity towards the reductive degradation of Congo red (CR) using NaBH 4 .The existence of PEG layer surrounds the nZVI core was confirmed by several characterization tools, such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and TEM. Herein, both nZVI-PEG 600  and nZVI-PEG 6000  exhibited remarkable removal efficiencies of 89.6% and 99.2% within 14 min of reaction time. The optimum reaction parameters were found to be as follows: 0.2 g L −1  catalyst dose and initial dye concentration of 2 × 10 −5  molL −1   etc. Kinetic studies of dye degradation were investigated which follow pseudo-1 st -order kinetics. The TOC analysis confirmed the complete mineralization of CR dye by nZVI-PEG 6000  nanocatalyst. GCMS analysis of plausible degraded products was performed to elucidate a probable mechanistic pathway of CR degradation. Further, we have investigated the degradation of two anionic dyes mixture, i.e., CR and methyl orange (MO) using best catalyst, i.e., nZVI-PEG 6000 .

journal of environmental science and health, part a

Polyethylene glycol-modified mesoporous zerovalent iron nanoparticle as potential catalyst for improved reductive degradation of Congo red from wastewater