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Diclofenac is an emerging pollutant: toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative, present in several environmental niches in a concentration of parts per million. This pharmaceutical’s biological removal was reported with various fungal species, showing promissory results. This work aimed at diclofenac removal by individually challenging the fungal species  Pleurotus ostreatus ,  Aspergillus niger , and  Penicillium roquefortii  but triying to lower the biosorption nature of cell walls by NaCl addition.  P. ostreatus  removed 100% of the initial diclofenac concentration, whereas  A. niger  and  P. roqueforti  removed 74% and 32%, respectively. In all three cases, biosorption by polar interactions was negligible. We demonstrated that stressful environments, such as mineral media, force the fungus to take advantage of its metabolic tools to survive, hence showing higher removal capacity when limiting growth conditions. Bioremediation is an excellent alternative to give residual fungal biomass a secondary use.

Assessing three industrially produced fungi for the bioremediation of diclofenac