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This paper evaluates diatom biomass as a biosorbent for removing Cr +6 , Cd 2+ , and PO 43-  ions from water. The diatom was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS) for its crystallinity, functional groups, and morphology. A batch sorption study was conducted to evaluate the parameters influencing Cr +6 , Cd 2+ , and PO 43-  ions adsorption, and the mechanisms were explored. The FTIR spectra revealed Si-O, O-H, N-H, and C-O as the main functional groups present on the surface of the adsorbent. The SEM showed a rough and irregular-shaped morphology, while the EDS indicated that the diatom biomass is an aluminosilicate material. The rate-limiting steps for Cr +6  and Cd 2+  were pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second order sorption favored PO 43-  based on their R 2  values. Moreover, the dominant adsorption model that best described the equilibrium data was the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained for Cr +6  was 5.66 (mg/g), and Cd 2+  was 5.27 (mg/g) at 313 K while PO 43-  was 19.13 (mg/g) at 298 K. The thermodynamic data revealed that the reaction was endothermic for Cd 2+  and exothermic for Cr +6  and PO 43-,  respectively. Diatom biomass was observed to be a promising bio-sorbent for removing Cr 6+ , Cd 2+  and PO 42-  from wastewater.

Biosorption of toxic metal ions (Cr +6 , Cd 2+ ) and nutrients (PO 4 3- ) from aqueous solution by diatom biomass