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The effect of acidic pH conditions on the physiological response of three typical freshwater algae,  Chlorella vulgaris ,  Microcystis aeruginosa  and  Scenedesmus quadricauda , was investigated in this study. The results of the cultivation experiment indicated that the mortality of the three algae in the logarithmic growth phase increased with increasing exposure time and acidity under acute acidic conditions. The tolerance of  S. quadricauda  was stronger than that of the other two species under long-term (6 h) exposure to the same acidity; in contrast,  C. vulgaris  exhibited the greatest tolerance under short-term exposure conditions. The decrease in chlorophyll  a  (Chl  a ) content indicated that the photosynthesis of algae was inhibited under acid stress and that the algae could not continue to grow normally. This was consistent with the changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity, which were reflected by the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under acid stress, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that when exposed to acute acidic conditions, the tolerance of three typical freshwater algae to acidity was significantly different. These findings provide valuable information for poorly mixed acidification operations designed to adjust the pH in lakes, reservoirs, or intake pipes of purification plants.

The response of three typical freshwater algae to acute acid stress in water